Many are now of the mindset that ADHD should actually be categorized as a subset of autism. While that makes sense, it’s important to remember that—while similar—these are two different things happening in the brain.
Autism is characterized by difficulties with social interaction, trouble with communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior(s). While ADHD also has social and communication factors at play, it’s largely categorized by hyperactivity, impulse control issues, and trouble focusing.
But can you have both ADHD and autism at the same time?
Although some like to think of ADHD as a subset of autism, it is definitely possible for someone to have both conditions. Sometimes, the two can even be confused for one another, especially considering how many overlaps there are.
Similarities Between ADHD and Autism—And How They Differ
Both ADHD and autism may cause behaviors that look the same at first. These include hyperfocus on a particular subject or concept, stimming, and difficulty in social situations.
Hyperfocus/Special Interests
With ADHD, it’s common for people to become obsessed with a particular hobby, concept, or subject. They research everything about it and spend much of their time partaking in it. This looks very similar to special interests in autism.
However, they differ mainly in hyperfocus is not long-term the way special interests in autism are. People who experience hyperfocus with ADHD often move on to something else eventually, whereas hyperfocus in autism, sticks around.
Stimming/Repetitive Behaviors
Another similarity between ADHD and autism is something called “stimming”. This is essentially a repetitive behavior that both stimulates and comforts the person. In ADHD, this can look like tapping, knuckle cracking, picking, knee-bouncing, hair twirling, etc. Often, it’s associated with the hyperactive part of ADHD.
In autism, stimming can include all the previously listed actions with the addition of vocalizations. In more severe cases, stimming extends to strict routines. When these routines are broken, it can be very distressing. The main difference in stimming between ADHD and autism is the presence of routines and the degree to which it affects one’s daily life, particularly when disrupted.
Social Skills
Those with ADHD or autism both struggle socially. They often have trouble connecting with others, feeling a sense of belonging, making eye contact, and adapting to social norms. With ADHD, people struggle to focus on the conversation without distraction.
They may also struggle with blurting seemingly random thoughts or statements that don’t make sense to others but make sense in the ADHD brain. People with ADHD often make connections between seemingly disparate topics thanks to their unique and quick thought processes.
With autism, social struggles lie in the difficulty to read social cues and responding appropriately. This can be extremely upsetting at first. These social skills don’t come naturally to them and they often need to learn over time.
How to Tell if You Have Both ADHD and Autism
First, you’ll need to look at how you believe the symptoms are affecting your daily life. If you’re wondering if your child has it, pay attention to their interests and habits. Does their obsession (e.g. with trains, history, etc.) last longer than a few months maximum? Do they become agitated when routines are interrupted? Are they struggling to make friends? Do they have trouble focusing? Is controlling impulses a problem?
As an adult who may have both, you can ask yourself the same questions. Knowing both the similarities and differences in ADHD and autism symptoms can help you better determine if you or your child has both conditions or only one of them.
Of course, while it’s good to have a general idea of what you’re experiencing, only a professional can diagnose you properly and help you find the best treatment plan. While ADHD and autism are very similar, they are not the same and it’s possible to have both at the same time. Approaching a professional with a detailed account of what’s being experienced can greatly help with diagnosis.
Reach out today if you think you or your child may be experiencing a combination of ADHD and autism symptoms.
